What is a substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria called?

A substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria is referred to as an antiseptic. Antiseptics are typically used on living tissues to reduce the possibility of infection, often in medical and dental settings. They function by creating an environment that is less conducive to bacterial growth or by directly attacking bacteria in a way that prevents them from proliferating. This makes antiseptics particularly important for hand sanitization and pre-operative cleansing.

In contrast, antibiotics are substances specifically designed to kill or inhibit bacteria but are typically used internally rather than topically on skin or mucous membranes. Disinfectants, while also effective against bacteria, are used on inanimate surfaces rather than on living tissues, making them suitable for cleaning instruments or environmental surfaces. Fungicides are targeted specifically towards fungi and do not have an effect on bacterial growth. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in infection control, especially in dental practices where maintaining a sterile environment is vital for patient safety.