Which surfaces of the x-ray machine must be covered or disinfected?

The surfaces of the x-ray machine that must be covered or disinfected include the x-ray tube, position indicating device (PID), and exposure button because these are the areas that come into direct contact with the operator or patient and are prone to contamination.

The x-ray tube and PID are key components of the machine that are frequently handled during procedures, making it essential to maintain a clean environment to prevent the spread of infection. Disinfecting these surfaces minimizes the risk of transferring pathogens, ensuring patient and operator safety.

Additionally, the exposure button is touched by the operator and possibly by the patient or their caregivers; therefore, it is critical to disinfect this area as well to maintain appropriate hygiene standards. By ensuring that these key surfaces are properly protected or disinfected, the risk of cross-contamination during dental radiography is significantly reduced, thereby promoting a safe healthcare environment.

The other options may include surfaces that also require cleaning but do not represent the most critical areas in terms of direct contact during x-ray procedures.